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What Is Geography In Simple Words?
A precise translation of Geography would be: “to describe or write about the Earth”. Geography ties corner to corner, it binds the
- Physical,
- Cultural,
- Economic &
- Political spheres.
Geography reveals all the wonderful changes and activities that have been going on in the world since the beginning of time.
Geography is the study of the earth and its features, inhabitants, lands & phenomena.
- Geography means much beyond merely ‘writing about the earth’.
- Geography is a fascinating subject much complex and difficult discipline to define.
- Geography fixes local problems as effectively as global problems.
Geography is an essential subject resource for the present-day world, enabling and empowering humans to face questions of sustainability in today’s mutually dependent world.
In Geography we learn to appreciate the diversity of
- Landscapes,
- Peoples,
- Resources,
- Wildlife,
- Cultures etc.
For school purposes, geography may be defined as “the study of the people of the world”.
Definition Of Geography By Different Scholars
"Geography is the study of earth as the home or in other words, Geography is the study of environment of man, physical and social, particularly with relation to human activities.”- Macnee
“Geography is the science of relationship between physical inorganic factors and principles and of organic factors.”- James Fairgrieve
“The object of geography is known the earth.”- Richard Chorley
“Geography deals with the association of phenomena that gives character to particular places & with the likeness and differences among places.” - Preston James
Origin Of Geography
The first individual to use the word “geography” was Eratosthenes (276-194 B.C.) and it literally means “writing about the Earth”.
Geography has been derived from the words, ‘geo’ and ‘graphy’ where,
- ‘Geo’ means ‘earth’ and
- ‘Graphy’ means ‘study’ or ‘description’, which refers to ‘writing’.
Geography has passed through different phases of rise & fall and at every new step, the notion of geography experienced transformation.
The development journey of Geography can be divided into three parts:
- Geography in Ancient Age
- Geography in Middle Age
- Geography in Modern Age
Geography, in the beginning, did not have a very wide scope. It was restricted in subject matter and cramped.
In between 16th – 18th centuries, significant contributions towards geographical concepts were made by:
- Babylonians,
- Greeks,
- Egyptians,
- Phoenicians and
- Romans.
The environment of the geographical study, thinking, analysis, and concept expanded all through middle age.
Discoveries and explorations in geography continue extensively.
Additionally, more and more geographical concepts, theories, hypotheses developed as
- Geography gradually emerged from a descriptive approach of the classical ties to the analytical approach of the present time.
Change is fundamental to the development & processes. Man, a creature of nature that undergoes change constantly, gave wings to geography knowledge from time to time.
Geography has had a much-commended course of development. Geography has been a
- Progressive,
- Changing and
- Dynamic subject.
These days geography is considered a part of the composite science of Human Society.
What Is The Scope Of Geography?
Geography has a wide perspective and outlook;
- Geography attempts to explain the actions & combinations of all the physical factors as a relation with complicated difficulties of the human life on the earth’s surface.
- The Geographer investigates and studies each obstacle and tries to put forward a geographical explanation for its conditions and vice versa.
The scope of geography is very wide and significant. Geography subsequently use knowledge from both scientist and student of
- Social sciences,
- Physical sciences like
- Physics,
- Chemistry
- Mathematics, and
- Astronomy.
- Natural studies and
- Humanistic studies.
Geography has well established itself as a science.
- The scope of geography has become so extensive and complex that compulsion has arisen for specialization.
- Geography today covers a vast field,
- Comprises of many branches of scholarship in its fold,
- Has its own particular unit of study, and
- Each unit although interlinked has its own peculiarities.
The subject matter of geography has broken up into a number of branches as shown below:
- Physiography
- Human Geography
- Urban Geography
- Agricultural Geography
- Economic Geography
- Political Geography
- Anthropogeography
- Cartography
1. Physiography
Physiography is an extremely crucial branch of geography. It studies physical patterns, structure, changes, and processes of the world like:
- Rock formation.
- Water.
- Climate and heat.
- Ocean current etc.
The whole superstructure of the discipline of Geography is built upon Physiography.
Physiography makes geography most inclusive but also makes it more interesting.
Physiography is also the birthplace of other branches and sub-branches. Some of physiography important divisions are:
a. Climatology:
- Climatology studies the climate.
b. Geomorphology:
- Geomorphology studies the structure of the earth, covering different types of mountains, rocks & their evolution.
c. Hydrology:
- Hydrology studies the earth’s water, especially its movement with respect to land.
d. Biogeography:
- Biogeography studies the geographical distribution of animals and plants.
e. Glaciology:
- Glaciology studies the internal dynamics and effects of glaciers.
f. Paleogeography:
- Paleogeography studies the geographical features at periods in the geological past.
g. Seismology:
- Seismology studies the movements in the earth’s surface (earthquakes).
- Disease or Medical geography studies the spatial patterns and processes of health and disease outcomes.
2. Human Geography
A well-known fact is that man’s life these days are not tied up entirely to his immediate environments and man’s life is a partial and restricted adjustment to his surroundings.
Human geography covers:
- Evolution of mankind ( Evolution of its different races with the dispersal of races).
- Man’s adaptation to environments.
Geographers are as much interested as anthropologists to study, effects of the environment and nature on human life.
Human geography moves in different trajectories and has different types for instance:
a) Settlement geography:
- It deals with the size form and functions of settlement built up by the man & analyses their historic growth.
b) Population geography:
- Population geography studies the numerous reasons for regional disparities in the distribution of population.
In past, the widespread belief was that physic- biological environments determine the man’s ability to make the best use of natural resources around him but with time it is confirmed that with physic- biological environments that Philosophy of life and Technical skills play the most prominent role.
3. Urban Geography
Urban geography deals with
- Classifications of cities
- Level of the hierarchy of towns,
- Land use pattern,
- Structure of the towns and
- Functions of the towns with reference to the models as per their function.
Basic and non-basic urban employments are expressed in urban geography. Urban geography highlights
- Concepts of location,
- Concepts of the population of urban territories, all of their
Urban geography put in plain words the
- Socioeconomic composition,
- Sex and age structure,
- Housing sites and Modes of travel,
- Journey to work movements etc. of the urban regions.
4. Agricultural Geography
Agriculture geography is an additional branch of geography that attracts the attention of both geographers and agriculturists.
Agricultural Geography enables a geographer to understand
- Various kinds of agriculture are distributed over the earth and
- How does this distinct agriculture function in the spatial arrangement?
Agricultural Geography helps to know:
- How discrete types of farms and farming systems have progressed in particular areas.
- Similarity and difference, found among many farms and farming systems of different parts of the planet.
5. Economic Geography
Economic geography concerns with the
- Production and Distribution of the resources and raw materials in the nation.
- Impact of constructional investment over socio-economic life of the people.
- Trade domain:
- Internal,
- External and
- International trades.
Economic geography is the core of numerous industrial developments. Many industries benefit gigantically with geography help like:
- Mine industry
- Agricultural and animal husbandry etc.
a) Mine industry:
- The finding of the location and distribution of mine-based raw materials etc. depends upon geography.
- Setbacks due to labor movement & industrial locations are tackled both by economists and geographers.
b) Agricultural and livestock industry:
- Soil erosion, an important research topic in geography is one of the greatest single evils to agriculture and animal husbandry.
- The agricultural methods and practices are typically dependent on the livestock working which constantly suffers from starvation because of the scarcity of sufficient fodder resources.
6. Political Geography
Political geography deals with the government of States and Countries.
- In Countries like, USA, Germany, Greece, United Kingdom political geography took birth.
- Political geography is among the least developed branch of geography.
7. Anthropogeography
Anthropogeography is the study of the distribution of human communities on the planet in relation to their geographical environment.
Geography bears the equivalent relation to anthropology as
- Zoogeography does to zoology, and
- Biogeography does to biology.
8. Cartography
Cartography applied to the art of drawing maps and charts alongside there
- Conception,
- Designing and
- Execution.
The cartography on the certain selected scale is responsible for
- Topographic surveys and
- Preparation of map.
Geography consistently relies on cartography. For example:
- In reading and making maps and charts.
- In using cartographic presentation, surveys, etc.
So, Even though a geographer has no monopoly on cartography, it is vital that every geographer should have a working knowledge of cartography.
Significance Of Teaching Geography
The need and significance of teaching geography can very well be described with the support of the following points:
- Economic Efficiency
- Love For Nature
- Intellectual Development
- Development Of International Understanding
- Development Of Human Civilization
- Acquisition Of Knowledge Of Natural Resources
- Development Of Balanced Personality
- Knowledge Of The World And The Broadening Outlook
- Development Of Sympathetic Outlook And Quality Of Generosity
- Quality Of Adjustment With Environment
- Development Of Power Of Reasoning, Invention, And Discovery
- Knowledge About Influences Of Geographical Factors On Man
- Love For Travel And Knowledge About Other Countries
- Development Of A Nation
1. Economic Efficiency
In the present day world, the progress of a country is calculated by the facilities and services it provides to other nation-states.
- The geography knowledge helps the learner to provide any such assistance and service & give a chance to make his livelihood.
- Geography learning makes the students
- Resourceful,
- Self-sufficient, and
- More aware of their surroundings.
2. Love for Nature
A learner of geography knows how to appreciate and value, the beauty of nature better.
Geography instigates in the learner a deep love and affection for nature.
When a geography learner is educated about nature, like
- Green forests
- Snow clad peaks,
- Deep dark oceans,
- Animal wealth etc. He is destined to be supporting & attached regarding nature.
Attachment pertaining to nature possibly will cultivate in students a sense of protection and responsibility towards taking care of nature with its beauty.
3. Intellectual Development
Appropriate intellectual growth is a compulsion for any type of apt cultural consciousness.
Intellectual development assist student:
- To differentiate between good & bad.
- To have all-inclusive development an essential to grow as a successful part of society.
To earn a good living is not the only objective of life. One also needs and requires leisure after making his livelihood.
- Intellectual development aids in creating the ability to spend one’s leisure period usefully and properly.
- Leisure time can be utilized in spiritual and intellectual development for the stable progress of mankind.
4. Development Of International Understanding
No one can realize more vividly than the trained geographer that the regions of the world are interdependent and no one can base the approach to world harmony on sounder foundations”. - Norwood
The key aim of teaching geography is to develop international understanding among students.
- Understanding societies, nations, peoples, problems around distinct places of this diverse planet automatically build international understanding.
- Learning and teaching geographical concepts about different areas, helps to bridge the gap between nations and aids as a powerful tool to avoid conflicts.
From one’s learning of diverse persons of the earth, one sees and realizes that all nation-states, large & small, rely upon one another
- Culturally,
- Economically, and
- Socially, and also, helps in realizing how this interdependence imposes several duties on every human & on every nation.
The responsibility of geography educators is to teach students about
- International pacts
- International NGO &
- International organizations.
- The teacher of geography should also point out, how these international bodies are busy answering and solving complex world problems.
Geography learning teaches students
- Present-day world reality,
- Economic interdependence &
- The need for more International Solidarity.
5. Development Of Human Civilization
"Numerous civilizations came into existence & numerous civilization vanished because of geographical factors".
The most essential aim of geography study is to
- Study factors responsible for life existence and extinct and
- To know how the culture and civilization of various regions are affected by different geographical factors.
Geographical knowledge can also be used in doing meaningful comparisons.
For instance: Student can compare and judge himself & his conditions, environments with different persons with their conditions and environments.
- This evaluation will teach the students, the proper fulfillment of their responsibilities and duties towards others.
- This comparison will help students to gain precious knowledge and to make a proper evaluation of their own self.
6. Acquisition Of Knowledge Of Natural Resources
The fundamental duty of teaching geography is to play a part concerning the fulfillment of education aim by carrying such measures and actions which ensure:
- Comprehensive factual knowledge,
- Proper knowledge about factual relationships &
- Having clear growth of intellectual abilities among students.
Students of today shall be citizens of tomorrow.
Knowledge of economic conditions and natural resources gained by these future stakeholders through geography study will play an effective part in the economic and administrative development of the world.
7. Development Of Balanced Personality
The student can secure a well-developed personality with effective & suitable use of geography knowledge he has.
- The insight of physical elements & environment which students acquire from the education of geography
- Lends a leading hand in developing their personality and
- Allows them to grow appropriately.
8. Knowledge Of The World And The Broadening Outlook
“Geography demonstrates that throughout the ages none has been able to boast that he can exist”.
One of the main objectives and aims of teaching and learning geography is promoting an international outlook.
- The teaching of geography provides knowledge about the diversity of the earth and
- Helps students in Appreciating and Understanding the Value of this Diversity.
For Example: Teaching different peoples, societies, living conditions of the world, assist students to understand the contributions and role they made for the development of world culture.
World Knowledge expands student outlook and brings in the center stage the concept and need of
- Global citizenship and
- World brotherhood.
Knowledge of geography realizes the interdependence of mankind.
- A student with geography knowledge grows to be more acquainted with the diversity present in the modern-day world and
- Understands fully that these disparities are precise because of differences in the physical environments.
9. Development Of Sympathetic Outlook And Quality Of Generosity
With geography knowledge, students become conscious of the interdependence of mankind.
- The student forms a sympathetic and generous mindset when he witnesses a sharp resemblance in people's needs all around the globe.
The quality of generosity and sympathetic feeling if developed properly will amplify the
- The idea of world democracy,
- Human rights and their values and
- Helps in forming the world more peaceful for all times to come.
This attitude will help students
To grow not only as good citizens, but as good world citizens.10. Quality Of Adjustment With Environment
Geography educates the student about humans of distinct lands, their:
- Culture,
- Way of living,
- Habitat etc.
This kind of knowledge even immensely benefits students for future life adjustment.
This awareness will teach valuable skills and qualities among students like
- Quality of how to successfully adjust with the environment.
- Prompt him to know and see more about his surroundings.
- To change and mould himself in accordance with the circumstances, and to be ready for change.
11. Development Of Power Of Reasoning, Invention, And Discovery
Geography knowledge develops certain mental abilities in the students like:
- Reasoning,
- Imagination
- Invention & discovery.
a. Reasoning:
- Geography aids in developing the reasoning power among students.
- Being a science-oriented discipline, geography teaching made students to discover a cause & effect relationship, and then students need to reason out various things as per the data.
b. Imagination:
- Geography broadens students' minds.
- Geography stimulates imagination and resourcefulness with the facts, data it provides.
- Geography fosters imagination in young minds with its practical utility.
c. Invention and discovery:
- Geography teaching helps students to pick up the outlook of discoveries and inventions as in the process of learning geography students so many occasions come across
- Different techniques and methods,
- Secrets of nature,
- New species etc.
12. Knowledge About Influences Of Geographical Factors On Man
With the increasing interdependence of nature and man, the knowledge of geography becomes much more urgent.
- Geography knowledge gives a better understanding and recognition of the impact of different geographical factors on the life of man.
For Example: The eating pattern of man directly relates to his surrounding geographical factors.
Knowledge of geography provides a picture of how geographical factors create and recreate the man's- Custom,
- Habits and
- Ultimately changes his life.
13. Love For Travel And Knowledge About Other Countries
Culture is the sympathetic appreciation of the universal truth expressed in literature, art, science, philosophy & religion.Geography encourages travel.
- A student of geography when informed about different cultures and countries gets inspired and enthusiastic to take travel and
- To know further about those unseen, unheard places.
- The knowledge and wisdom gained by these journeys will help the student in tackling loads of problems of everyday life.
- Studying and learn landscape might become a useful pastime for the students.
Travel sharpens man’s instinct to know the unknown, to see the unseen, and to fathom the unfathomed.
14. Development Of A Nation
Geography knowledge makes a vital impact on the progress of a nation.
Students pick up a constructive outlook to all that concerns their nation from the
- Direct observations,
- Study of books &
- Experiences provided by geography.
Geography teaching allows students to feel and appreciate
- Social,
- Racial and
- Political ties of his nation.
A thorough understanding of their nation’s geography creates a strong desire in a student to willingly serve his nation and fellow citizens.
The big responsibility of geography teachers is to honestly and meaningfully teach such examples and lessons which can arouse significant curiosity and awareness in the students about their habitats.
Aims And Objectives Of Teaching Geography In Schools
Geography nowadays is a mixture of art & science.
The Aim and Objective of Geography are wide-ranging and all-inclusive, some of them are as listed below:
- To fine-tune human life in harmony with environmental and geographical conditions.
- To acquire knowledge of
- Fundamental concepts,
- Theories &
- Principles with reference to geography among the students.
- To bring into the light the living situations of humans in diverse regions of the world.
- To ripen the inventive and creative talents of learners.
- To promote a mindset of discovery in students.
- To sharpen in students essential skills like:
- Drawing,
- Evaluating,
- Reading maps & globes,
- Operating and working with geographical instruments etc.
- To expand their intelligence on how climatic and environmental factors develop and influenced man's life.
- To assist the pupils to value and appreciate the ecological beauty.
- To promote and utilize correctly
- Reasoning,
- Imagination,
- Rational thinking,
- Originality,
- Power and memory among students.
- To build an unprejudiced outlook.
- To create a scientific attitude & train the students in the study of nature.
- To improve the ability of students,
- To make valid and rational conclusions,
- To assist students to attain education of
- Physical environment,
- Natural resources &
- Social environment, and as a result broaden their belief.
- To assist the learners to achieve economic competence and thus do well in life.
Branches Of Geography
The subject matter of geography has broken up into a number of branches as shown below:
- Physiography
- Human Geography
- Urban Geography
- Agricultural Geography
- Economic Geography
- Political Geography
- Anthropogeography
- Cartography
1. Physiography
Physiography is an extremely crucial branch of geography. It studies physical patterns, structure, changes, and processes of the world like:
- Rock formation.
- Water.
- Climate and heat.
- Ocean current etc.
The whole superstructure of the discipline of Geography is built upon Physiography.
Physiography makes geography most inclusive but also makes it more interesting.
Physiography is also the birthplace of other branches and sub-branches. Some of physiography important divisions are:
a. Climatology:
- Climatology studies the climate.
b. Geomorphology:
- Geomorphology studies the structure of the earth, covering different types of mountains, rocks & their evolution.
c. Hydrology:
- Hydrology studies the earth’s water, especially its movement with respect to land.
d. Biogeography:
- Biogeography studies the geographical distribution of animals and plants.
e. Glaciology:
- Glaciology studies the internal dynamics and effects of glaciers.
f. Paleogeography:
- Paleogeography studies the geographical features at periods in the geological past.
g. Seismology:
- Seismology studies the movements in the earth’s surface (earthquakes).
h. Medical geography:
- Disease or Medical geography studies the spatial patterns and processes of health and disease outcomes.
2. Human Geography
A well-known fact is that man’s life these days are not tied up entirely to his immediate environments and man’s life is a partial and restricted adjustment to his surroundings.
Human geography covers:
- Evolution of mankind ( Evolution of its different races with the dispersal of races).
- Man’s adaptation to environments.
Geographers are as much interested as anthropologists to study, effects of the environment and nature on human life.
Human geography moves in different trajectories and has different types for instance:
a) Settlement geography:
- It deals with the size form and functions of settlement built up by the man & analyses their historic growth.
b) Population geography:
- Population geography studies the numerous reasons for regional disparities in the distribution of population.
In past, the widespread belief was that physic- biological environments determine the man’s ability to make the best use of natural resources around him but with time it is confirmed that with physic- biological environments that Philosophy of life and Technical skills play the most prominent role.
3. Urban Geography
Urban geography deals with
- Classifications of cities
- Level of the hierarchy of towns,
- Land use pattern,
- Structure of the towns and
- Functions of the towns with reference to the models as per their function.
Basic and non-basic urban employments are expressed in urban geography. Urban geography highlights
- Concepts of location,
- Concepts of the population of urban territories, all of their
- Movements,
- Distribution,
- Accessibility, and
- Interaction.
Urban geography put in plain words the
- Socioeconomic composition,
- Sex and age structure,
- Housing sites and Modes of travel,
- Journey to work movements etc. of the urban regions.
4. Agricultural Geography
Agriculture geography is an additional branch of geography that attracts the attention of both geographers and agriculturists.
Agricultural Geography enables a geographer to understand
- Various kinds of agriculture are distributed over the earth and
- How does this distinct agriculture function in the spatial arrangement?
Agricultural Geography helps to know:
- How discrete types of farms and farming systems have progressed in particular areas.
- Similarity and difference, found among many farms and farming systems of different parts of the planet.
5. Economic Geography
Economic geography concerns with the
- Production and Distribution of the resources and raw materials in the nation.
- Impact of constructional investment over socio-economic life of the people.
- Trade domain:
- Internal,
- External and
- International trades.
Economic geography is the core of numerous industrial developments. Many industries benefit gigantically with geography help like:
- Mine industry
- Agricultural and animal husbandry etc.
a) Mine industry:
- The finding of the location and distribution of mine-based raw materials etc. depends upon geography.
- Setbacks due to labor movement & industrial locations are tackled both by economists and geographers.
b) Agricultural and livestock industry:
- Soil erosion, an important research topic in geography is one of the greatest single evils to agriculture and animal husbandry.
- The agricultural methods and practices are typically dependent on the livestock working which constantly suffers from starvation because of the scarcity of sufficient fodder resources.
6. Political Geography
Political geography deals with the government of States and Countries.
- In Countries like, USA, Germany, Greece, United Kingdom political geography took birth.
- Political geography is among the least developed branch of geography.
7. Anthropogeography
Anthropogeography is the study of the distribution of human communities on the planet in relation to their geographical environment.
Geography bears the equivalent relation to anthropology as
- Zoogeography does to zoology, and
- Biogeography does to biology.
8. Cartography
Cartography applied to the art of drawing maps and charts alongside there
- Conception,
- Designing and
- Execution.
The cartography on the certain selected scale is responsible for
- Topographic surveys and
- Preparation of map.
Geography consistently relies on cartography. For example:
- In reading and making maps and charts.
- In using cartographic presentation, surveys, etc.
So, Even though a geographer has no monopoly on cartography, it is vital that every geographer should have a working knowledge of cartography.
Modern Geography
Every domain of social science have shared purpose, that is, the study of human,
- Yet all throw different light, with different points of view,
- Each domain has progressed its own method of studying mankind and resolving social difficulties.
Geography study the Behaviors & Structures of human civilizations. Geography had its beginning when man started finding his relationship with his physical surroundings & where he actually belonged and exist.
The reason why geography is part of social studies is that is a study and investigation of mankind.
What Is Modern Geography?
Modern Geography Is Defined As:
“Geography is a science of man on the earth studying the action and interaction between man & nature".
“Geography is a unifying science, the raw material it deals with is derived largely for other sciences and studies, it deals with the material in its own way seeking and discovering the interrelation of phenomena & the integration between man & the phenomena”.
The present-day world has witnessed the countless greatest innovations in so many geographical areas due to
- New Concepts,
- Techniques, and
- Rediscovering concepts of geography with a fresh and scientific approach.
- The human characteristic of geography has been acknowledged in recent times because of the gigantic transformation in educational psychology.
- Modern geography is now considered to be a distinct science, calling for an extensive investigation of the wide-ranging territories of the planet.
- Like any other science, geography also follows a scientific course.
- The integration of natural environments and their expressing on the landscape is the field of geographical studies.
The greatest recognized idea of scientific geography is:
- Solving national and international problems and
- To treat the planet as essentials.
The introduction of different statistical techniques & approaches is proven to be tremendously useful for doing researches in
- Human,
- Physical,
- Regional and
- Economic geography.
Nowadays, geographers are ever more concerned with examining and understanding
- Geographical Data,
- Process,
- Structure and Patterns,
- Techniques that are even used by other subjects of study.
The perspective of modern-day geography is as wide as the earth, as large as life itself.
The concept of applied geography is of great weight in
- Building universal brotherhood.
- Finding the practical solutions to modern-day problems.
- Offering scope to apply geographical skills of
- Analysis,
- Survey, and
- Synthesis in the real world.
Techniques like land use survey, implemented by geographers used extensively to
- Study agriculture regions and understand the processes of
- Social,
- Economic, and
- Regional development.
- Bring improvement and changes in the social amenities.
Geography today is concerned with the needs & interests of the child by
- Enlightening them about the diversity of the world.
- Guiding how to live in a world of diverse things and events.
- Connecting human communities, settlement.
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
Meaning of Objectives
Aims are sovereign in nature they are broken into specified objectives to provide definite learning experiences for bringing about desirable behavioral changes.
Objectives help in generating behavioral modifications in the learners for the ultimate realization of the aims of teaching.
The objectives are achieved within the specified classroom situation, and they
- Have swift purposes and are short-term.
- And they also Aid in accomplishing immediate goals.
Definition of Educational Objectives
Objectives related to education as a whole, are known as 'Educational Objectives '.
“By educational objectives, we mean explicit formulations of the ways in which students are expected to be changed by the educative process, that is, the ways in which they will change in their actions”. - B.S.Bloom
Need of Educational Objectives
Reasons for needing educational objectives are:
- Educational objectives indicate the nature of the education system.
- They serve as guides for teaching and learning.
- Educational objectives provide guidelines in selecting teaching-learning activities.
- It shows the direction in which education will act.
- For teaching which aims at worthwhile behavior changes, a clear understanding of educational objectives is essential.
- Educational objectives develop awareness among the teachers about the importance of their work.
How to Form Educational Objectives
The formulation of educational objectives is a matter of careful choice on the part of the teachers and administrators.- In forming educational objectives following factors are involved:
- The needs and capabilities of the pupils.
- The specific demands of his social environment.
- The nature of the subject matter.
- In order to save time and effort, it is very important that the objectives of a subject be clearly identified and defined.
Criteria For Good Educational Objectives
The criteria of a good educational objective is that
- The educational objectives should be ‘Unambiguous’.
- The educational objectives should be ‘Useful’.
- The educational objectives should be ‘Specific’.
- The educational objectives should be ‘Feasible’.
- The educational objectives should be 'In Accordance With General Aims of Education '.
Objectives of Classifying Educational Objectives
Classification is a valuable system to group similar things under one heading based on common characteristics or common relationship that exists between groups and individuals.
The main objectives of classifying educational objectives are as follows:
- Educational objectives are helpful in defining, translating, and exchanging educational thoughts in a uniform way.
- These are vital in comparing curricular goals with wider educational objectives.
- Educational objectives assist in preparing evaluation or testing materials.
- They are highly valued in planning, teaching, and learning activities.
- Educational objectives are significant in identifying desired behavioral outcomes among the learners.
- It is crucial in the search for the relationships that exist among groups and individuals.
Educational objectives are fundamental in planning a curriculum.
Conclusion
The Pedagogy Of Geography Plays A Vital Role In Shaping The Next Generation Of Scientifically Literate Individuals. By Understanding The Principles And Strategies Discussed In This Blog Post, You Will Be Well-Prepared To Create Meaningful And Impactful Geography (Social Science) Learning Experiences For Your Students.
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